Short report: Siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, a phenomenological perspective on parental perception.

BACKGROUND: Siblings, typically developing brothers and sisters of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), are at risk for long-term psychosocial difficulties. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims at obtaining an in-depth insight on the lived experience of siblings of children with NDD through their parents' perspective. METHODS: Seven mothers and three fathers who signed up their sibling children (12-15 years) to a peer-support intervention participated in a semi-structured videoconference interview according to the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted by trained personnel and independently coded. RESULTS: Thematic analysis highlighted three core themes and twelve sub-themes: "The complexity of the fraternal relationship" (three sub-themes), "Growing up with diversity" (six sub-themes), and "Me as a sibling" (three sub-themes). CONCLUSIONS: The study provides insight on parents' perception of the lived experience of their sibling children, thus spreading awareness on the everyday difficulties families with a child with NDD may encounter. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: The present study contributes to the scarce literature on the lived experience of siblings of children with NDD, and notably it is one of the few qualitative studies on the topic which makes use of an IPA interviewing style. This methodological choice allowed for an in-depth understanding of siblings' strengths and struggles as perceived by their own parents, and of how their brother/sister's condition impacted on their family role, socio-emotional development and personality. Recounting siblings' experiences contributes in spreading awareness on the everyday difficulties siblings and their families face when cohabitating with a child with NDD.

Case report: Dancing in the dark: A critical single case study engaging a blind father in the rehabilitation journey of his visually impaired child.

Background: Face-to-face visual contact is a key component of the early parent-child interaction, therefore a visual impairment condition of the parent or the child represents a risk factor for dyadic patterns' development. Aims: The study presents a critical single case of a blind father and a 18-month-old visually impaired child. The study aims to explore changes in the relational functioning of this dyad during an early family-centered intervention. Methods and procedures: Ten parent-child sessions were videotaped and micro-analytically coded. Data were analyzed through a State Space Grid crossing child's social cues and types of father verbalizations. Outcomes and results: Findings showed a stable increase in the amount of child social cues over time. Moreover, the dyad exhibited progressive changes in dyadic regulation, stability, and organization. The return time to the "active interaction" region of interest decreased progressively. A reduction was observed also for the time spent by the dyad in the region "no vocal contact." Conclusions and implications: This critical single case highlighted the benefits of parental engagement in early interventions for the dyadic regulation in parent-child interaction.